Named after Aratus of Soli - Greek astronomer (c. 310-240/239 B.C.).
Aratus is a small lunar impact crater located on the highland to the south and east of the rugged Montes Apenninus range. To the east is the Mare Serenitatis, and to the southwest is the somewhat larger crater Conon. North-northeast is the landing site of the Apollo 15 mission, just beyond Mons Hadley. (wikipedia entry)
A crater is a circular depression likely created by an impact event. On the Moon they are named after deceased scientists, polar explorers, astronauts or cosmonauts.