Named after Geoffrey Chaucer - British writer, astronomer (c. 1340-1400).
Chaucer is a lunar impact crater that is located to the west of the walled plain Hertzsprung, on the far side. This is a circular crater with a slightly eroded outer rim. The interior floor is nearly featureless, with only a few tiny craterlets marking the surface. (wikipedia entry)
A crater is a circular depression likely created by an impact event. On the Moon they are named after deceased scientists, polar explorers, astronauts or cosmonauts.