Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin was an influential American geologist and educator. In 1893 he founded the Journal of Geology, of which he was editor for many years. (wikipedia entry)
A crater is a circular depression likely created by an impact event. On Mars large craters are named after deceased scientists, writers and others who have contributed to the lore of Mars. Small creaters (less than 60km) are named after small towns and villages.