Aureum Chaos is a rough, collapsed region in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle portion of the planet Mars at approximately 4.4° south latitude and 27° west longitude. The classic name came from one of the first maps of Mars drawn by Schiaparelli who has been called the "Father of Mars." He called a feature "Aurea Cherso, which translates to the golden peninsula—an ancient name for Malaya. Aureum is the Latin word for gold. (wikipedia entry)
A chaos is a distinctive area of broken or jumbled terrain. On Mars they are named after the nearest named albedo feature on the Schiaparelli or Antoniadi maps.